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Key: The listing below categorizes all tests and incidents in four
groupings: germ, nerve (or chemical), radiation and nuclear. Symbols
are included at the start of each listing to denote which type of test
or incident is involved.
- - germ
^ - nerve or chemical
* - radiation
+ - nuclear
1949
* 1949 to 1952 - Dugway Proving Ground dropped nonradioactive bomb
casings over the Great Salt Lake as part of experiments to develop
bombs that could radiologically contaminate small areas.
* Oct. 22 - Cluster bombs filled with radioactive materials were
dropped from 15,000 feet at Dugway Proving Ground and radioactively
contaminated 0.6 of a square mile. It had a total of 260 curies of
radiation.
* Nov. 30 - Cluster bombs filled with radioactive materials were
dropped from 15,000 feet at Dugway Proving Ground and radioactively
contaminated 0.8 of a square mile. It had released 1,506 curies of
radiation (1,000 times more than the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor
accident).
1950
- June to November - Possible open-air tests with undisclosed
"pathogens," or germs that cause serious disease, may have been
conducted at Dugway Proving Ground. Army lists say they are
"unsubstantiated."
* Aug. 4 - Dugway Proving Ground tested a cluster bomb to spread
radioactive particles of tantalum. It exploded 1,450 feet above the
ground, releasing 480 curies of radiation (33 times more than the
Three Mile Island nuclear reactor accident), contaminating 1.7 square
miles on the test grid; 69 percent of radiation released was not
accounted for by grid monitors.
* Aug. 6 - Dugway Proving Ground tested a cluster bomb to spread
radioactive particles of tantalum. It exploded on the ground, covering
0.89 of a square mile on the test grid - but some particles might have
spread "indefinitely" in some directions. It used 480 curies of
radioactive material.
* Aug. 11 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted four tests exploding
different shapes of radioactive metal to see which would best spread
contamination. They each used 26 curies of radiation.
* Sept. 5 - Dugway Proving Ground tested a cluster bomb that spread
radioactive metal. It exploded at a height of 1,680 feet, releasing
930 curies and contaminating two square miles of the test grid; 62
percent of expected radiation was not accounted for by monitors on the
grid.
* Sept. 7 - Dugway Proving Ground tested a cluster bomb that spread
radioactive tantalum, exploding at 2,000 feet, releasing 3,900 curies
and contaminating 3.2 square miles on the grid; 75 percent of expected
radiation was not accounted for by grid monitors.
* Sept. 13 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 15 tests of small dust
generators that spread radioactive specks. Each was filled with 1.1
curies of radiation.
* November - Documents show Dugway Proving Ground planned to test a
cluster bomb to spread a whopping 30,000 curies of tantalum - but do
not show whether the test actually occurred.
1951
- Throughout the year, psittacosis, which causes parrot fever, was
spread in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground on undisclosed
dates. The Army said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army
lands.
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 19 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
* Sometime in 1951, documents show Dugway Proving Ground planned to
drop radioactive pellets from hoppers in high-altitude aircraft, but
do not show if it actually happened.
* May 29 - Dugway Proving Ground exploded four different shapes of
radioactive munitions on 50-foot poles to see which would best spread
contamination.
- June 1 to Aug 26 - Coxiella burnetii, which causes potentially
deadly Q fever, was spread in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground.
Army said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
* Nov. 3-4 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted nines tests of small
radioactive dust generators dropped from airplanes, exploding as high
as 5,760 feet above ground in winds of up to 38 miles an hour. Each
sphere released between 7.4 and 17.8 curies.
* Nov. 7 - Dugway Proving Ground dropped a cluster bomb of radioactive
tantalum, exploding 1,700 feet above the ground, releasing 612 curies
and contaminating 1.05 square miles on the grid. Only 26 percent of
expected radiation was accounted for by grid monitors.
* Nov. 8 - Dugway Proving Ground dropped a cluster bomb of radioactive
tantalum, exploding at 1,050 feet above ground, releasing 756 curies
and contaminating 1.22 square miles on the grid.
* Nov. 7-8 - Four tests at Dugway exploded different shapes of
radioactive munitions to see which would spread radiation the
farthest. Each munition had between 275 and 403 curies of radiation.
1952
- Throughout the year, the Army conducted 38 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
- Feb. 18 to May 27 - The Army spread wheat rust spores, which can
destroy wheat crops, in open-air tests on "nonpublic domain" land at
Dugway Proving Ground.
- March 27 - An antivirulent strain of pasteurella pestis, which
causes the plague, was used in an open-air test by Dugway Proving
Ground. Army said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- April 9 - Pasteurella tularensis, which causes potentially deadly
tularemia, was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army
said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- May 12 - Brucella suis, which can cause potentially deadly
brucellosis or undulant fever, was used in an open-air test by Dugway
Proving Ground. Army said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army
lands.
* May 20 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted four tests exploding
different shapes of radioactive munitions on 50-foot poles. They each
released between 337 and 421 curies of radiation and contaminated up
to 0.33 square miles on the grid.
* May 21-27 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 16 tests of radioactive
"dust generator" spheres dropped from airplanes. Nine may have been
duds, and three were never located. Each test released 38.9 to 40
curies of radiation.
- June - Brucella suis and brucella melitensis, which can cause
potentially deadly disease, were used in open-air tests by Dugway
Proving Ground. Army said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army
lands.
- July to August - Brucella suis, which can cause brucellosis, was
spread in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army said it was
unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- July 9 - Pasteurella tularensis, which causes potentially deadly
tularemia, was spread in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army
said it was unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
^ July 16 - Dugway Proving Ground sprayed nerve agent GB from an F-80
fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 125 feet.
^ July 22 - Dugway Proving Ground sprayed nerve agent GB from an F-80
fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ July 29 - Dugway Proving Ground sprayed nerve agent GB from an F-80
flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 50 to 75 feet.
- August to October - Brucella suis, which can cause brucellosis, was
spread in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army said it was
unsure whether tests were confined to Army lands.
- Aug. 21 - Coxiella burnetii, which causes potentially deadly Q
fever, was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army said
it was unsure whether tests were confined to Army lands.
- September - Brucella suis and brucella melitensis, which can cause
potentially deadly disease, were used in open-air tests by Dugway
Proving Ground. The Army said it was unsure whether tests were
confined to Army lands.
- September to November - Coxiella burnetii, which causes potentially
deadly Q fever, was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground.
Army said it was unsure whether tests were confined to Army lands.
- Sept. 12 to May 26, 1953 - Wheat stem rust, which can destroy wheat
crops, was used in open-air tests at "nonpublic domain" lands at
Dugway Proving Ground.
* Sept. 23 - Dugway Proving Ground exploded five radioactive munitions
in different shapes from 50-foot poles to see which would best spread
contamination. Four tests that functioned released radiation in the
amounts of 626.9, 571.3, 359.4 and 607 curies.
- Oct. 9 - "Pasteurella" was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving
Ground. Army is unsure whether tests were confined to Army lands.
* November - A radiological weapon test of unknown type occurred at
Dugway Proving Ground.
^ Nov. 13 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ Nov. 18 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
- Nov. 19 - Clostridium botulinum toxin, which can cause deadly
botulism, was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army is
unsure whether tests were confined to Army lands.
^ Nov. 20 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 250 feet.
^ Nov. 25 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
- December - Brucella melitensis, which can cause potentially deadly
disease, was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army is
unsure whether tests were confined to Army lands.
Dec. 19 by an F-80 flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
Dec. 30 by an F-80 flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
1953
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 109 open-air tests with arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted 38 open-air
tests involving nerve agents GA and GB to test hazards with leaking
arms on airplanes and nerve agent attacks on airplanes.
^ Jan. 6 - Deadly nerve agent GA was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ Jan. 8 - Deadly nerve agent GA was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ Jan. 13 - Deadly nerve agent GA was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ Jan. 26 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 25 feet.
^ Jan. 28 - Deadly nerve agent GA was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F-47N fighter flying 310 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ Feb. 2 - Deadly nerve agent GA was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F-47M fighter flying 310 miles an hour at a height of 100 feet.
^ Feb. 10 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 25 feet.
^ Feb. 12 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
from an F-80 fighter flying 480 miles an hour at a height of 25 feet.
- March 24 - Pasteurella tularensis, which causes tularemia, was used
in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army is unsure whether
tests were confined to Army lands.
^ April 17 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by an F3D-2 aircraft flying 360 knots an hour at
a height of 25 feet.
- April 21 - Pasteurella tularensis, which causes tularemia, was used
in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army is unsure whether
tests were confined to Army lands.
^ April 21 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving
Ground by an F3D-2 aircraft flying 358 knots an hour at a height of 35
feet.
- May and June - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis,
serratia marcescens, aspergillus fumigatus and "fluorescent
particles" (possibly toxic cadmium sulfide), all of which were
considered by the Army to be safe, but others say they could still be
dangerous.
^ May 5 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F3D-2 aircraft flying 360 knots an hour at a height of 35 feet.
^ May 7 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F3D-2 aircraft flying 360 knots an hour at a height of 30 feet.
^ May 13 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed in two separate tests the
same day at Dugway Proving Ground by an F3D-2 aircraft flying 360
knots an hour at a height of 25 to 40 feet.
* May 23 - Two large tests were planned at Dugway Proving Ground. One
was to drop 100,000 curies of radioactive tantalum (6,667 times as
much as Three Mile Island) over four square miles. The other was to
spread 10,000 curies over a one-square mile area. Documents do not
show whether the tests occurred, but the Army assumed they had when it
conducted a 1989 study on what radiation threat might still be present
then.
- June 17 - Open-air test at Dugway used serratia marcescens and
bacillus subtilis.
- June 25 - Open-air test at Dugway used serratia marcescens and
bacillus subtilis.
- July 13 to Oct. 14 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- July 13 - Open-air test at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- July 14 - Open-air test at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- July 21 to Sep. 24 - Open-air tests at Dugway spread wheat stem
rust, a germ designed to kill wheat crops.
- Aug. 6test at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- Aug. 12 - Open-air test at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- Sept. 12 to May 26, 1953 - Open-air tests at Dugway spread wheat
stem rust, a germ that can kill wheat crops.
- Oct. 1bacillus subtilis.
- Nov. 12 to Dec. 16 - Open-air tests by Dugway used wheat stem rust,
a germ designed to kill wheat crops.
1954
- Throughout the year, Army documents say, open-air tests of
undisclosed biological warfare agents were conducted by Dugway on
undisclosed dates. Army is unsure whether they were confined to Army
lands.
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 171 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates. It also conducted three other tests on hazards of
GB attack on airplanes.
- January to April - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
bacillus anthracis, which can cause deadly anthrax. Army is unsure
whether tests were confined to Army lands.
- Jan. 21 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis and
"fluorescent particles" (possibly toxic cadmium sulfide).
- Jan. 27 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
^ Feb. 10 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F-80 fighter flying 470 miles an hour at a height of 30 feet.
- Feb. 12 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
^ Feb. 16 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway
Proving Ground by an F-80 fighter flying 470 miles an hour at a height
of 130 feet.
- Feb. 17 - Open-air tests at Dugway used "fluorescent particles"
(possibly toxic cadmium sulfide) as part of germ warfare tests.
^ Feb. 19 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F-80 fighter flying 470 miles per hour at a height of 90 feet.
^ Feb. 24 - Deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground
by an F-80 fighter flying 470 miles per hour at a height of 65 feet.
- March 14 - Open-air tests at Dugway used "fluorescent particles"
(possibly toxic cadmium sulfide) as part of germ warfare tests.
- April to August - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used wheat
stem rust, a germ designed to kill wheat crops.
- April 7 - "fluorescent particles" (possibly toxic cadmium sulfide)
as part of germ warfare tests.
- May 13 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- May 24 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- June 1954 to June 1955 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground
used brucella suis, which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or
undulant fever.
- Sept. 4 to Feb. 21, 1956 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground
used bacillus anthracis, which causes deadly anthrax. Army said it is
unsure tests were confined to Army lands.
- October - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis and
"fluorescent particles" (possibly toxic cadmium sulfide).
- Oct. 14 - Open-air tests at Dugway used wheat stem rust, a germ that
can kill wheat crops.
- Oct. 27 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Oct. 29 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Nov. 3 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Nov. 12 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used pasteurella
tularensis, which causes potentially deadly tularemia. Army is unsure
if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Nov. 15 to June 1955 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
- Nov. 18 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used pasteurella
tularensis, which causes potentially deadly tularemia. Army is unsure
if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Dec. 20 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Dec. 28 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
1955
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 129 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates. It also conducted seven tests of GB attack on
airplanes.
- Jan. 6 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- Jan. 12 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- March to Feb. 1956 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
brucella suis, which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or
undulant fever. Army is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- March to Feb. 1956 - Bacillus anthracis, which can cause deadly
anthrax, was used in open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground. Army is
unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- March 18 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used coxiella
burnetii, which causes potentially deadly Q fever. Documents say germ
clouds floated off toward U.S.-40 (now I-15).
- March 23 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used coxiella
burnetii, which causes potentially deadly Q fever. Documents say germ
clouds floated off toward U.S.-40 (now I-15).
- March 31tests by Dugway Proving Ground used coxiella burnetii, which
causes potentially deadly Q fever. Documents say germ clouds floated
off toward U.S.-40 (now I-15).
- April 6 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella suis,
which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant fever. Army
is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- April 15 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used brucella
suis, which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or undulant
fever. Army is unsure tests if were confined to Army lands.
- May - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis and
"fluorescent particles" (possibly toxic cadmium sulfide).
- May and June - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- May 4 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground
used brucella suis, which can cause potentially deadly brucellosis or
undulant fever. Army is unsure if tests were confined to Army lands.
- July 12 - An open-air test by Dugway Proving Ground spread a cloud
of coxiella burnetii (which causes Q fever) and toxic cadmium sulfide
particles over 30 human soldiers, 75 rhesus monkeys and 300 guinea
pigs and then monitored them for sickness (many did get sick, making
the test a "success"). The cloud floated off toward Wendover. Guinea
pigs lining U.S.-40 (now I-80), which is off the Dugway base, were
used to monitor exposure to the disease.
- July 27 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis and
"fluorescent particles" (possibly toxic cadmium sulfide).
- August - Open-air tests at Dugway used serratia marcescens.
- Dec. 1 to Feb. 3, 1956 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
1956
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 77 open-air tests of arms
and rockets filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground
on undisclosed dates.
- Throughout the year, open-air biological warfare tests at Dugway
used bacillus subtilis.
- Spring to fall - Open-air tests at Dugway used serratia marcescens.
- August and September - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
1957
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 78 open-air tests of arms
and rockets filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground
on undisclosed dates.
- Throughout the year, open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis
and serratia marcescens on undisclosed dates.
^ June through April, 1958 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 19
open-air tests of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly
nerve agent VX.
- June 20 to 24 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis and
serratia marcescens on undisclosed dates.
- July to August - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- August to October - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
bacillus anthracis, which can cause deadly anthrax.
- August to April 1959 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which can cause potentially deadly tularemia.
- Oct. 7 - A joint open-air test by Dugway Proving Ground and Hamilton
Air Force Base, Calif., used bacillus subtilis.
- Oct. 23 - Open-air test at Dugway used pasteurella tularensis, which
causes potentially deadly tularemia.
- Nov. 14 - Open-air test at Dugway used pasteurella tularensis, which
causes potentially deadly tularemia.
1958
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 53 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates. Also burned a B-24 bomber with GB aboard to test
hazards to ground personnel.
^ January and February - Dugway Proving Ground conducted three
open-air tests of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- Jan. 18 - A joint open-air test by Dugway Proving Ground and
Hamilton Air Force Base, Calif., used bacillus subtilis.
- Jan. 21 - A joint open-air test by Dugway Proving Ground and
Hamilton Air Force Base, Calif., used bacillus subtilis.
^ February to March - Dugway Proving Ground conducted nine open-air
tests of 8-inch howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- April - Open-air tests at Dugway used pasteurella tularensis, which
causes potentially deadly tularemia.
- May to July - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used bacillus
anthracis, which can cause deadly anthrax.
^ July to February, 1959 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 11 open-air
tests of 8-inch howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
^ July through September - Dugway Proving Ground conducted nine
open-air tests of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly
nerve agent VX.
- August and September - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis and serratia marcescens.
^ September through November - Dugway Proving Ground conducted seven
open-air tests of land mines filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- Sept. 24 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis and
serratia marcescens.
^ December and January, 1959 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted eight
open-air tests of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
1959
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 42 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ May through July - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 10 open-air tests
of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- July - Open-air tests at Dugway Proving Ground used bacillus
anthracis (which causes deadly anthrax), pasteurella tularensis (which
causes the disease tularemia) and coxiella burnetii (which causes Q
fever).
- July - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- July to December 1960 - Open-air tests at Dugway
used serratia marcescens and bacillus subtilis.
^ August - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 35 open-air tests of the
M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
+* Aug. 5 - Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground by melting reactor fuel in a
high-temperature furnace. Radiation cloud spread for this and similar
tests over next three months spread to the north, and was last
detected headed toward U.S.-40 (now Interstate-80). Released an
estimated 37.32 curies of radiation (more than twice as much as Three
Mile Island).
+* Aug. 10- Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground by melting reactor fuel in a
high-temperature furnace. Released an estimated 32.85 curies of
radiation (more than twice as much as Three Mile Island).
^ September through December - Dugway Proving Ground conducted
demonstrations weekly by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside, as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
+* Sept. 8 - Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground by melting reactor fuel in a
high-temperature furnace. Released an estimated 28.19 curies of
radiation (nearly twice as much as Three Mile Island).
+* Sept. 12 - Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground by melting reactor fuel in a
high-temperature furnace. Released an estimated 24.95 curies of
radiation (67 percent more than Three Mile Island).
+* Sept. 18 - Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground. Released an estimated 22.6350
percent more radiation than Three Mile Island.
+* Sept. 30 - Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground by melting reactor fuel in a
high-temperature furnace. Released an estimated 32.15 curies of
radiation (more than twice as much as Three Mile Island).
+* Oct. 24 - Air Force simulated the meltdown of a small nuclear
reactor at Dugway Proving Ground. Released an estimated 18.8726
percent more radiation than Three Mile Island.
1960
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 29 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agent GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside, as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ February and March - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 11 open-air
tests of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
^ March to May - Dugway Proving Ground conducted three open-air tests
of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- April and May - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which causes potentially deadly tularemia.
- April to February 1960 - A series of open-air experiments at Dugway
Proving Ground used pasteurella tularensis, which causes potentially
deadly tularemia.
- September - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- September - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used botulinum
toxin (which causes deadly botulism), bacillus anthracis (which causes
deadly anthrax) and "Coccidioides" (probably coccidioides immitis, a
fungus that causes sometimes deadly Valley fever).
^ September through May, 1960 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 14
open-air tests of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly
nerve agent VX.
1961
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside, as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1961 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted an experiment to
assess troop operations in areas contaminated with deadly nerve agent
VX.
^ January through May - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 12 open-air
tests of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- Jan. 30 to Sept. 27 - A series of open-air tests by Dugway Proving
Ground used coxiella burnetii, which causes potentially deadly Q
fever.
^ March through May - Dugway Proving Ground conducted four open-air
tests of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve agent
VX.
- March 27 to May 16 - A series of open-air tests by Dugway Proving
Ground used bacillus subtilis.
- June - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
- August and September - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
^ September - Dugway Proving Ground conducted an open-air test with 24
rounds of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve
agent VX.
1962
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 43 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside, as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ April 1 - About 698 pounds of deadly nerve agent GB was sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft flying at 190 feet.
^ April 18 - About 175 pounds of nerve agent VX (one drop of which can
kill) was sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground from an SD-2 drone aircraft
flying 341 miles an hour at a height of 363 feet. Only 40.6 percent of
the VX fell to the ground within four miles of the release line.
^ April 23 - About 175 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX was sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground from an SD-2 drone flying 354 miles an hour at a
height of 335 feet. Only 56.5 percent of the VX fell to the ground
within four miles of the release line.
^ May 12 - About 683 pounds of deadly nerve agent GB were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft from a height of 125 feet.
^ May 16 - About 641 pounds of deadly nerve agent GB were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft from a height of 175 feet.
^ May 22 - About 301 pounds of nerve agent VX (one drop of which can
kill) were sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground from a height of 250 feet.
Only 34.3 percent dropped to the ground within four miles of the
release line.
^ May 23 - About 700 pounds of deadly nerve agent GB were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft from a height of 125 feet.
^ May 27 - About 698 pounds of deadly nerve agent GB were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft from a height of 115 feet.
^ May 29 - About 297 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground from a height of 245 feet. About 62.2 percent
fell to the ground within four miles of the release line.
^ May 31 - About 693 pounds of deadly nerve agent GB were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft from a height of 160 feet.
^ July 20 - About 324 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft.
^ July 24 - About 322 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft.
^ July 25 - About 693 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX were sprayed at
Dugway Proving Ground by aircraft.
^ August - Dugway Proving Ground conducted an open-air test of 24
rounds of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve
agent VX.
- August to February 1963 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground
used bacillus subtilis and pasteurella tularensis, which causes
potentially deadly tularemia.
^ Aug. 9 - About 2,800 pounds of nerve agent VX (one drop of which
will kill) were sprayed at Dugway Proving Ground by an SD-5 drone
flying 510 miles an hour at a height of 190 feet. Only 11 percent was
recovered within four miles of the release line.
^ Sept. 13 - About 2,800 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX were sprayed
at Dugway Proving Ground by an SD-5 drone flying 530 miles an hour a
height of 1,280 feet. Only 4 percent dropped to the ground within
four miles of the release line.
^ Sept. 14 - About 2,800 pounds of deadly nerve agent VX were sprayed
at Dugway Proving Ground by an SD-5 drone flying 550 miles an hour at
a height of 535 feet. Only 24 percent dropped to the ground within
four miles of the release line.
- October to March 1963 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
- November to March 1963 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground and
Fort Yuma Test Station, Ariz., and Fort Detrick, Md., used bacillus
subtilis.
- November to March 1963 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground
used pasteurella tularensis, which can cause deadly tularemia, and "Coccidioides"
(possibly coccidioides immitis, a fungus that causes sometimes deadly
Valley fever).
- November to March 1963 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground
used coccidioides uranine and coxiella burnetii, which can cause
potentially deadly Q fever.
1963
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 13 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.Jan. 16-29 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
- Jan. 30 to April 11 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which causes potentially deadly tularemia.
^ March through September, 1964 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted four
open-air tests of land mines filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- March 28 to April 11 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which causes potentially deadly tularemia.
^ April - Dugway Proving Ground conducted an open-air test with 18
rounds of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve
agent VX.
- May 17 to 21 - Open-air tests on undisclosed public, not Army, lands
by Dugway Proving Ground used "fluorescent particles," possibly toxic
cadmium sulfide, as part of germ warfare testing.
- Aug. 15 - Open-air tests on undisclosed public, not Army, lands by
Dugway Proving Ground used "fluorescent particles," possibly toxic
cadmium sulfide, as part of germ warfare tests.
- Sept. 4 - Open-air tests on undisclosed public, not Army, lands by
Dugway Proving Ground used "fluorescent particles," possibly toxic
cadmium sulfide, as part of germ warfare tests.
- October to March 1964 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus
subtilis.
- October to March 1964 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
"Coccidioides," (possibly coccidioides immitis, a fungus that cause
sometimes deadly Valley fever).
- Nov. 7-14 - Open-air tests at Dugway used bacillus subtilis.
1964
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 13 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside, as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1964 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted four experiments
to assess troop operations in areas contaminated with deadly nerve
agent VX.
- Jan. 24 to Feb. 3 - Open-air tests at Dugway Proving Ground used
"unknown agents" as part of germ warfare tests.
^ March - Dugway Proving Ground conducted an open-air test with 12
rounds of 8-inch howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve agent VX
during high winds of 21 miles per hour.
- August and September - Open-air tests by Dugway used Uranine dye and
bacillus subtilis as part of germ warfare tests.
1965
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 12 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GB or GA at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1965 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 10 open-air
experiments on the "persistency of Agent GB for various temperatures."
^ September though November, 1967 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 12
open-air tests of the M-55 rocket filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- Oct. 14 to Nov. 17 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which can cause potentially deadly tularemia.
1966
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 28 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside, as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1966 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted five open-air
experiments on the downwind hazard of the destruction of M-55 rockets
containing nerve agent.
^ April to June - Dugway Proving Ground conducted two open-air tests
of 155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- April 25 to June 6 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which can cause potentially deadly tularemia.
- July 9 to Aug. 25 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which can cause potentially deadly tularemia.
1967
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1967 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 33 open-air
experiments on the downwind hazard of the destruction of M-55 rockets
containing nerve agent.
- February - Open-air tests at Dugway used Bacillus subtilis.
^ February through April - Dugway Proving Ground conducted three
open-air tests of land mines filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
- Feb. 15 to April 4 - Open-air tests by Dugway Proving Ground used
pasteurella tularensis, which can cause potentially deadly tularemia,
and coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever.
1968
^ Throughout the year, the Army conducted 16 open-air tests of arms
filled with nerve agents GA or GB at Dugway Proving Ground on
undisclosed dates.
^ Throughout the year, Dugway Proving Ground conducted demonstrations
on 40 of 52 weeks by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1968 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted nine open-air
experiments on hazards of M-55 disposal, decontamination operations
nerve agents GB and VX and tests of protective garments.
^ March 5 - About 1,365 pounds each of deadly nerve agent VX were
dropped by aircraft in two separate tests at Dugway Proving Ground.
^ March 13 - An F-4 Phantom fighter spread 2,730 pounds of nerve agent
VX (one drop of which can kill) over Dugway Proving Ground, and wind
carried small particles off the base into Skull Valley. More than
6,000 sheep died in the following days. In 1993, a Deseret News probe
showed humans in Skull Valley likely had been exposed to nerve agent
also, and it likely caused nervous-system ills they suffered through
the years.
1969
^ January to June - Dugway Proving Ground conducted weekly
demonstrations by firing 12 arms filled with nerve agent GB at
fortifications with caged animals inside as soldiers watched their
deaths via TV.
^ Sometime in 1969 - Dugway Proving Ground conducted 14 open-air
experiments on hazards of M-55 disposal, decontamination operations of
nerve agents GB and VX and tests of protective garments.
^ March to May - Dugway Proving Ground conducted six open-air test of
155-millimeter howitzer shells filled with deadly nerve agent VX.
1970
1971
1976
- - A mysterious illness killed 50 wild horses at Orr Springs at
Dugway Proving Ground. The state veterinarian ruled they died of
thirst, even though they were adjacent to a spring - which had been
recently improved with water trickling from a pipe into a trough.
Critics questioned if Venezuelan equine encephalitis - an exotic horse
disease used in Dugway lab experiments - may have killed the horses.
1978
- April 10 to May 18 - Four open-air trials at Dugway Proving Ground
used serratia marcescens and bacillus subtilis to test feasibility of
chemically neutralizing clouds of biologic arms simulants.
1979
- Oct. 3-17 - 26 open-air trials at Dugway Proving Ground used
bacillus subtilis to test biologic agent detectors.
1980
1981
- June 16 to Sept. 4 - 43 open-air trials at Dugway Proving Ground
used bacillus subtilis to test biologic agent detectors.
1982
- June 9-16 - 8 open-air trials at Dugway Proving Ground used bacillus
subtillus to test biologic agent detectors.
1983
- July 27 to Aug. 3 - Two open-air tests at Dugway Proving Ground used
bacillus subtilis to study a field test used to detect biologic
warfare agents.4
- March 30 to April 5 - Thirteen open-air trials at Dugway Proving
Ground used bacillus subtilis to evaluate systems designed to protect
tanks from biologic attack.
- Aug. 14-24 - 46 open-air trials at Dugway Proving Ground use
bacillus subtilis to evaluate biologic arms detection systems.
1985
1986
- Sept. 4-10 - 28 open-air trials at Dugway Proving Ground use
bacillus subtilis and MS2 virus bacteriophage (a virus that grows only
in bacteria) to evaluate biologic arms detection systems.
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