|
Sen. John Glenn's
Committee on Governmental Affairs, which began hearings this week on
radiation experiments involving human subjects, should also consider
the effects of past and present biological warfare testing on unwary
citizens.
Energy Secretary Hazel R. O'Leary, who prompted the attention about
radiation experiments, has no formal jurisdiction over the Army's
biological testing program.
But she might have an interest in an early germ-warfare test. It took
place in 1951 near Newport News, Va., where she was growing up.
The Army released an organism called Aspergillus fumigatus at the
Norfolk Naval Supply Center because most workers were black. For some
reason, the testers imagined an enemy might target the blacks at
military bases.
"Since Negroes are more susceptible to coccidioides than are whites,"
a report said, "this fungus disease was simulated by using Aspergillus
fumigatus." Aspergillus, further, was known to cause lethal
infections.
In 1949, and for 20 years afterward, the Army released bacteria among
millions of unsuspecting people. At hearings in 1977, Pentagon
witnesses acknowledged that bacteria and chemical particles were
sprayed over San Francisco, St. Louis, Minneapolis and 236 other
populated locations.
The Army conceded that it had released microorganisms at Washington
National Airport in 1965 and into the New York City subway system in
1966 during peak travel hours.
The purpose was to see how the bacteria spread and survived as people
went about their routine activities.
The Army still sprays bacteria outdoors at Dugway Proving Ground, 70
miles from Salt Lake City.
While declaring that bacteria are no longer being disseminated over
cities, the Army admits that during the 1980s it conducted more than
170 open-air tests at Dugway. The stated purpose was to evaluate the
performance of biological-detector systems.
Utah residents remember that when a nerve-gas agent was released in
1968, it killed 6,000 sheep 20 miles away. Yet the Army fails to
acknowledge that its microorganisms can be wafted by winds beyond
control and can reproduce quickly.
Suspicions could be alleviated if the program were under civilian
jurisdiction and truly open.
The Army still neglects to monitor the health of citizens who may be
exposed during tests, even while insisting that its bacterial agents
cause no harm.
Equally disturbing, people are given no choice about being exposed. |
